Answer:
Corruption is fundamentally caused by low wages, poor incentive structures and inefficient systems. In addition, it is also caused by the desire for an unfair advantage, and the knowledge that one will not be caught or punished for corrupt behavior.
Answer:
Democracy itself is defined through the concept of institution. A democracy, Przeworski told us, is possible when the relevant political forces can find institutions that give a reasonable guarantee that their interests will not be affected in an extremely adverse way in democratic competition, that is, when interests are subjected to institutionalized uncertainty. (1986). Trust in institutions is closely linked to political culture. Almond and Verba in The Civic Culture: political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (1963) in a study carried out in 1959, they detect that in what they call a modern society there is much more participation, the key for them would be in the political culture. This refers to the attitude of individuals towards the political system and the role they play as individuals within it. Both attitudes, according to Almond and Verba, can be appreciated through certain patterns of orientation towards the political objects of a nation. These patterns can be of four forms: political orientation, which refers to the internalization of the objects of the political system and the relationships between these objects: the cognitive orientation of the system, which refers to the knowledge of what there is, for example the results of public policy; affective orientation, which focuses on feelings towards the political system, its roles, and functioning; and finally, evaluative orientation, which unites the elements of the previous orientations and allows generating evaluative criteria. Trust in institutions permeates these three levels of political orientation. Finally, Frederick C. Turner and John D. Martz (1997) have analyzed the case of Latin America, where the trust of citizens in institutions is an essential factor for the consolidation of democracy. Ludolfo Paramio (1999) argues that party identification and trust in institutions are conditions for the proper functioning of democracy. In short, institutions are the basis, feed and give value to democracy through various mechanisms at different times. March and Olsen (2006) point out that there are various theoretical approaches to institutions that are distinguished mainly by: first, how they conceive the nature of institutions; second, how they explain the processes that translate into structures and rules and their political impacts, and, lastly, the processes that turn human behavior into rules and structures to maintain, transform or eliminate institutions
Answer:
Explanation:
Dueling violated his religious and moral principles, defied the law, threatened the welfare of his family and put his creditors at risk.
Answer
Hi,
The current residency requirement for aliens to obtain citizenship is to apply for citizenship after five years of residence. This depends on a number of factors too. If a person is married to a U.S citizen and living in the States for three years that person can qualify to apply for naturalization right away. If a person is an asylee, he or she waits for four years after permanent residence was approved before application. For refugees, they wait for five years since the date they entered the U.S.
The steps to citizenship for immigrants are;
• Finding if you are eligible to apply. Here one needs to obtain a green card. Other requirements at this stage are good moral characters, passing the English test and having knowledge of history and government of the U.S
• Step two is to overcome challenges in the eligibility process. In case you failed in step one, contact an immigration attorney that can conduct a full analysis and change your status of eligibility.
• Filing the USCIS Form N-400- This is a paper work procedure with the immigration services authority. The filing of the form costs $640 when applying for naturalization with additional charges for biometrics.
• Attending biometric s Appointment-This is vital because finger prints will be obtained .This step is important to obtain clearance from FBI database.
• Citizenship Interview-This is conducted at an USCIS office after receiving the appointment date. In the interview, the N-400 form will be reviewed and a test on English knowledge and history of America will be conducted by the officer.
• Oath Ceremony-After approval from the USCIS officer a person is summoned to attend a public ceremony with other individuals to take the oath. A certificate of naturalization is offered at this step that shows the person is a citizen of the United States of America.
Good Luck!
