<span>An ecosystem is made up of animals, plants and bacteria as well as the physical and chemical environment they live in. The living parts of an ecosystem are called biotic factors while the environmental factors that they interact with are called abiotic factors.</span>
bacteria in food can be killed by many means such as:
a) Pickling. for example food is pickled as bacteria cannot live in very acidic conditions.
b) Boiling. boiling water or liquids can help kill bacteria present in them.
c) Using preservatives can also help
d) Immersing food in salt or sugar solutions is also an other way
Answer:
Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the high energy carrier NADPH.
It captures photons and uses the energy to extract electrons from water molecules. These electrons are used in several ways. First, when the electrons are removed, the water molecule is broken into oxygen gas, which bubbles away, and hydrogen ions, which are used to power ATP synthesis.
Answer:
The answer is A. Human activities have a greater impact on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.
Explanation:
Both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell are the sites where protein synthesis takes place. A DNA template is used to create RNA in the nucleus. The translation is then carried out by this RNA in the cytoplasm.
Transcription and translation are the two processes that make up protein synthesis. A segment of DNA called a gene, which codes for a protein, is transformed into a template molecule called messenger RNA during transcription (mRNA). In the cell's nucleus, enzymes referred to as RNA polymerases perform this conversion. [2] Eukaryotes make this mRNA prematurely at first (pre-mRNA), which then goes through post-transcriptional changes to produce mature mRNA.
Nuclear pores allow the mature mRNA to be evacuated from the cell nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm, where translation can take place. Ribosomes read the mRNA during translation, using its nucleotide sequence to infer the order of the amino acids. To create a polypeptide chain from the encoded amino acids, the ribosomes catalyse the production of covalent peptide bonds. After translation, the polypeptide chain needs to fold in order to create a functioning protein. For instance, for an enzyme to work properly, the polypeptide chain needs to fold properly in order to create a functional active site. The polypeptide chain initially forms a series of smaller underlying structures termed secondary structures before it can assume a useful three-dimensional (3D) shape.
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