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sveta [45]
3 years ago
7

What is a distinction that can be drawn between macroevolution and microevolution?

Biology
1 answer:
nikitadnepr [17]3 years ago
8 0
<span>Microevolution refers to changes in the genetic pool of a species population. The changes in the genes (probably gene and allele frequencies) are observed over short time periods hence are small changes. This is in comparison to macroevolution that observes huge changes over longer time periods  in the population that warrant that the new populations is considered to be a new species</span>
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In your laboratory journal, describe the two tools of molecular biology that are often described as the scissors and glue for ma
MatroZZZ [7]

The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.

A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.

Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.


The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase

In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.


The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning

Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).

Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What are the four unifying principles that form the foundation of modern biology?
Vikentia [17]
Four unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology<span>: cell theory, evolutionary theory, the gene theory and the </span>principle<span> of homeostasis. These </span>four principles<span> are the founding principles of each category of biology</span>
5 0
3 years ago
What are three examples of protists?
Cerrena [4.2K]

Answer:A,B,C

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
9) Genetic variation is the source for evolution. Without a variety of phenotypes, there would be no differential survival upon
Firlakuza [10]

The genetic variation occurs due to induced changes to the genome from environmental factors, fertilization of two haploid gametes during gamete fusion. The correct options are D and E.

<h3>What is genetic variation?</h3>

The presence of differences in gene sequences between individual organisms of a species is referred to as genetic variation. It allows for natural selection, which is one of the primary forces driving life's evolution.

The genetic variation occurs due to induced changes to the genome from environmental factors, fertilization of two haploid gametes during gamete fusion.

Thus, the correct options are D and E.

For more details regarding genetic variation, visit:

brainly.com/question/848479

#SPJ1

3 0
2 years ago
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Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis (CF) are recessive to the normal alleles (CF+), yet the disease alleles responsi
Korvikt [17]

Answer:

Cystic fibrosis mutation is recessive to normal allele because only one functional or normal allele is enough to produce a functional protein. So, if mutation is present in one allele then also, a normal protein can be made from normal allele. The presence of normal protein prevents the expression of disease.

In addition, mutated allele only results in the loss of function of protein which can be compensated by the expression of normal allele. It does not add any toxic effect to the protein. Consequently, the disease is inherited in autosomal recessive fashion.

In contrast, Huntington mutation not only alters the structure of the functional protein but also adds toxicity to it. The altered protein is enable to interact with 100s of other proteins and inhibit or decrease their function. So, if only one allele is present then also, the mutated protein will be produced and it will result in the phenotype. Consequently, it is inherited as autosomal dominant fashion.

4 0
3 years ago
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