In the United States, most financing for presidential campaigns comes directly from "political parties", although it should be noted that this comes from many individual donors.
When the American forces approached to Japan, the Japanese forces <em>fought back </em>furiously. They<em> didn't surrender</em>. This was one of the main reasons why the United States government, and the rest of the Allies, decided to drop the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was a breaking point that marked the end of World War II.
The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
Thats all :)