Answer: Please see the analysis below
Explanation: The following are the financial statement effects 
                                   Assets Liabilities Stockholders Equity Income Expense
Write-off of $10,000     -           -                   Nil                           Nil         Nil
Bad debt of $8,000     -           +                   -                                -             +
- Write-off of customer balances of $10,000 would lead to reduction in assets and also reduction in liabilities (since the provision for doubtful accounts reports to liabilities but mapped to the accounts receivable to show the net amount). Here, we have assumed that there is an existing allowance for doubtful accounts that has $10,000 buffer or more. If the write-off was not initially provided for, it would hit expense by debiting bad debt expense and crediting the accounts receivable. <em>Its effects are therefore decrease in asset, decrease in liabilities.</em>
- Bad debt expense of $8,000 affects the expense and the liabilities/assets. Journal entries to record the bad debt expense is Debit Bad debt expense $8,000; Credit Allowance for doubtful accounts $8,000. So, it affects the expense, liabilities and ultimately the assets (allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra to the accounts receivable). <em>Its effects are increase in expense, increase in liabilities, decrease in stockholders equity, decrease in income and decrease in assets</em>
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
0.36
Explanation:
Cost of equity of 16.8%,
Pretax cost of debt of 8.1%
Return on assets of 14.5%
As per NN proposition: Cost of equity = Return on asset + D/E ratio (Return on asset-Cost of debt)
0.168 = 0.145 + D/E (0.145 - 0.082)
0.168 - 0.145 = D/E (0.064)
0.023 =  D/E (0.064)
D/E = 0.023/0.064
D/E = 0.359375
D/E = 0.36
Thus, the debt-equity ratio is 0.36
 
        
             
        
        
        
Ciencias formales: Lógica y Matemáticas. Ciencias factuales: 1.- naturales (Física, Química, Biología, Psicología individual) y 2.- culturales (Psicología social, Sociología, Economía, Ciencias Políticas, Historia material, Historia de las ideas)
 las ciencias humanas sociales. a) Ciencias que establecen leyes: antropología, psicología, lingüística, economía y política, demografía y cibernética, lógica y epistemología científica.   b) Ciencias que interpretan el pasado: historia, filología, crítica literaria, paleontología.  c) Ciencias que establecen normas: derecho, política, legislación.  d) Ciencias filosóficas: metafísica, teoría del conocimiento general, antropología filosófica, axiología, ética, filosofía de la religión, sociología.
        
             
        
        
        
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Answer:
a) 5%; 55%
Explanation:
The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the number of people unemployed by the number of people in the workforce:
1/20= 0,05*100= 5%
The participation rate is calculated by dividing the number of people employed by the number of people in the workforce:
11/20= 0,55*100= 55%