The correct option is D. Volcanic eruption released large amounts of water vapor into Earth's early atmosphere.
Earth’s first atmosphere had lots of water vapor but it almost lacked oxygen. Eventually, frequent volcanic eruptions put several different gases into the air. These gases created a new type of atmosphere for Earth. The volcanic eruptions spewed gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and water vapor into the atmosphere, but no free oxygen. Without oxygen, there could not be life on Earth.
Stalingrad is now called Volgograd, a city located in southwestern Russia on the Volga River.
<h3>What is Volgograd?</h3>
Volgograd, formerly Tsaritsyn and Stalingrad, is a city and administrative center of Volgogradoblast, southwestern Russia.
In 1589, Volgograd was founded as the fortress of Tsaritsyn to protect newly acquired Russian territory along the Volga. Joseph Stalin organized the defense of the city in a major battle against the White Russian armies during the Russian Civil War, and the city was later renamed in his honor.
From August 1942 to February 1943, one of the decisive battles of World War II took place there. The German armies, at the limit of their advance, attempted to capture Stalingrad after bitter fighting during which the city was reduced to rubble, an army group of some 300,000 men was annihilated, and the German salient was cut off.
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Unity between the countries for each to work together.
There were several ideas from the Reconstruction and I will focus on:
- 13th Amendment - <u>Very effective </u>
- Sharecropping <u>- needed revising </u>
The Republicans in Congress were able to pass and then ratify the 13th Amendment which:
- Abolished slavery thereby freeing black people
- Allows for Congress to come against other forms of slavery for instance, trafficking.
This was very effective as it ended a dark chapter in American history and paved the way for equality of races.
A disastrous policy that was implemented during Reconstruction was Sharecropping.
Sharecropping was a way by which White landowners kept poor Whites and Black people as legal labor. It involved:
- Lending land to a farmer for payment in the form of harvested crops
- Landowners controlling what the farmer pays them
- Farmers getting into debt because they had to buy seeds and tools from the landowners and interest kept accruing even when they could not harvest enough crops to pay back.
- Farmers being forced to remain on the land to work off their debt.
Sharecropping kept a lot of Black people in bondage and ensured White landowners had a labor force just like during slavery.
This could have been solved by laws being passed that allowed Sharecroppers to change their profession and go into other jobs where they would then have enough money to pay back their debt.
In conclusion, the 13th Amendment allowed the nation to start anew with all people being free but the practice of Sharecropping damaged that in some areas.
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