To separate Jews from the rest of the public. Because they wanted to rid Germany of this 'contamination' as soon as possible. The Nazi saw the slavic people of Poland as 'half human', making Poland a reasonable place to send the 'poisonous' Jewish people.
Second Row from the right from top to bottom takes up the whole row.
Prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments, including torture.