Chlorophyll the pigment gives the plant their green color and let's them absorb sunlight more of Chloroplast a part that is cell found in plants that coverts light energy into energy plants which use "Sugar".
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The Mayans lived in jungle like areas, where there is a lot of vegetation and it rains frequently
The best example of hypothesis which leads to new experiment methods was done by Morgan where he used fruit flies.
Thomas Hunt Morgan continues on genetic research which is of Gregor Mendel.