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Explanation:
The entire structure of European society changed during the 12th and 13th centuries, and there was a time when this change was attributed largely to the Crusades. Historians now, however, tend to view the Crusades as only one, albeit significant, factor in Europe’s development. It is likely that the disappearance of old families and the appearance of new ones can be traced in part to the Crusades, but generalizations must be made with caution. It should, moreover, be remembered that, while some Crusaders sold or mortgaged their property, usually to ecclesiastical foundations, others bequeathed it to relatives. The loss of life was without doubt considerable; many Crusaders, however, did return to their homes.
The sectors acquired by burgeoning Italian cities in the Crusader states enabled them to extend their trade with the Muslim world and led to the establishment of trade depots beyond the Crusade frontiers, some of which lasted long after 1291. The transportation they provided was significant in the development of shipbuilding techniques. Italian banking facilities became indispensable to popes and kings. Catalans and Provençal's also profited, and, indirectly, so did all of Europe. Moreover, returning Crusaders brought new tastes and increased the demand for spices, Oriental textiles, and other exotic fare. But such demands can also be attributed to changing lifestyles and commercial growth in Europe itself.
The establishment of the Franciscan and Dominican friars in the East during the 13th century made possible the promotion of missions within the Crusade area and beyond. Papal bulls granted special facilities to missionary friars, and popes sent letters to Asian rulers soliciting permission for the friars to carry on their work. Often the friars accompanied or followed Italian merchants, and, since the Mongols were generally tolerant of religious propaganda, missions were established in Iran, the Asian interior, and even China. But, since Islamic law rigidly prohibited propaganda and punished apostasy with death, conversions from Islam were few. The Dominican William of Tripoli had some success, presumably within the Crusaders’ area; he and his colleague Riccardo di Monte Croce both wrote perceptive treatises on Islamic faith and law. Other missionaries usually failed, and many suffered martyrdom. In the 14th century the Franciscans were finally permitted to reside in Palestine as caretakers for the holy places but not as missionaries.
The Crusades were initiated by the Catholic Church in order to gain control of Jerusalem again, as it has fallen into the hands of the Muslims. While the Catholic Church had its goals in conquering Jerusalem, including wealth and power, it didn't foresee that the organizing of the Crusades its going to actually backfire on it and make the biggest blow to it.
The Crusades themselves had mixed outcome, sometimes winning, sometimes losing. What had much greater effect was that the Crusaders managed to bring in Europe lot of things from Asia which turned out to change the course of the history.
Because the Crusaders were in constant contact with the Muslims, they brought in numerous technological advancement in Europe. Also, through them, some of the ancient literature from Greece and Rome came back to Europe.
This prompted a huge interest among the people, especially the ones higher in the hierarchy, as they saw the potential of the new technology, but also the potential for the future based on the ancient literature. The end result was technological boom in Europe, loss of power by the Catholic Church, the Age of Discoveries, or all put in one, the Renaissance.
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A
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By providing a space for co-ethnics to create potentially beneficial relations, ethnic enclaves assist members in achieving economic mobility
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If I were President, I would establish my plan with different congresspeople from both parties to gain their support and not lose the honor of the congress. The reason being that Johnson attempted to implement reconstruction in his own way against the will of the congress, believing that he would be able to finish it all and position southern congressmen before the congress came out of recess and back into action, which was his mistake, because as soon as the congress came back into session, he was defeated. I would compromise and assure them of my support while attempting to gain legislative approval.
Explanation:
This is my opinion only so please feel free to alter as you see fit.
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a combination of disease and war with the settlers
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