Answer:
Ok so an updated overview of what has been learned regarding abiotic effects on different entomopathogen groups during the past 30 years. It focuses on entomopathogens that have emonstrated potential roles in microbial control. Abiotic environmental factors have diverse effects on entomopathogen survival, efficacy, and dispersal in the ecosystem. Extreme temperatures, desiccation, and UV radiation have the most detrimental effects on pathogen survival despite the existence of durable resting stages for most groups. Few field studies have investigated the influence of temperature on the severity and rate of transmission of viral disease. Since low temperatures do not affect the lethality of most baculoviruses, these viruses could be applied for area-wide management to reduce pest populations early or before the start of the growing season, as demonstrated against Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens.
Pathogens of invertebrates, along with their hosts, inhabit all niches throughout the world, in ecosystems ranging from sub‐arctic to arid, temperate, and tropical. The abiotic factors that affect pathogen survival, reproduction, distribution and pathogenic effects on hosts consist of environmental elements such as temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, habitat characteristics including soil texture, soil type, and pH, as well as chemical inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and pollutants. In the present chapter, we will provide an updated overview of what has been learned regardingabiotic effects on different entomopathogen groups during the past 30 years. We focus our discussion on entomopathogens that have demonstrated potential roles in microbial control. The abiotic factors discussed complement other influences (biological and genetic, which are described in other chapters) that dictate the prevalence and activity of pathogenic organisms.
Answer:
in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the nucleus of eukaryotes.
Explanation:
this only occurs in replication of the DNA
Answer:
<em>The correct option is D) decreased ice causes less energy to be reflected</em>
Explanation:
Observations have shown that ice has the ability to absorb less solar radiation and reflect back most of it. On the other hand, liquid water absorbs more solar energy and reflects back a little of it.
Hence, the lesser the ice will be, the lesser will be the solar energy being reflected back. If the solar energy is not reflected back in adequate amounts it can cause global warming and the atmosphere of the Earth to be heated.
your answer will be grass for the first one and balsam for the second one
hope helpful
mark brainliest
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