Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells have specialized mechanisms to transport molecules along with membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum that provide a higher surface area for absorption and enable more efficient transportation.
Their structural components (i.e. their makeup) determine their function (what they do). In specific cell types, collected proteins may function as a unit called an organelle. Some organelles are bound by membranes like those that make up the external structure of the cell, with varying compositions of phospholipids and proteins. Several organelles facilitate the digestion of nutrients into metabolites and energy...
- Step 1: Mitochondria break down food and release energy; In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes. The higher concentrations of reactants and solutes, increases metabolic reaction efficiency; these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is obtained via the breakdown of nutrients from food, and is stored within the molecule ATP. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate (through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm) where several metabolites used for building other compounds are produced.
- Step 2: Lysosomes... Some organelles separate proteins and molecules that may harm the cell by parceling them into membrane-bound organelles for example, proteases bound within lysosomes can break down many structural proteins, and carbohydrates found in food, waste, and cell components
- Step 3: Vacuoles... Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles which store concentrated amounts of solutes, and waste products. Specialized vacuoles are also used to transport components to the cell membrane for cellular export.
- Step 4: The endoplasmic reticulum... Most proteins that function in the cytosol (such as actin) or in the nucleus (such as DNA polymerase) are synthesized by free ribosomes. Proteins that function within the endomembrane system (such as lysosomal enzymes) or those that are destined for secretion from the cell (such as insulin) are synthesized by bound ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The rest of the ER, which does not contain ribosomes is called the smooth ER, and may contain lipids, enzymes, and other proteins. As a protein destined for the endomembrane system is being synthesized by a ribosome, the first amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain act as a signal sequence. That signal sequence ensures that the ribosome binds to the outer membrane of the ER and that the protein enters the ER lumen.
- Step 5: Golgi bodies... Like a post office, the golgi complex, or golgi body recognizes signal sequences and packages these compounds into lysosomes for delivery to their final destination. Lysosomes fuse with the plasma membrane to empty their contents into the extracellular space.
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
Learn more about mitochondria at brainly.com/question/8427362
Learn more about mitochondria and similar structures at brainly.com/question/2855039
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I believe it is D as it is a better answer than D because of the fact that the statement does not explein the age of her grandmother "old" is just drawing a conclusion off nothing, and it does not say that she does not like her at all , thus it is an incorrect statement . So the answer is D.
Answer:
Option (1), (2) and (3).
Explanation:
DNA is the genetic material of all the living organisms present on earth. The DNA contains the nitrogenous bases, pentose sugar and the phosphate group. DNA strands runs in the opposite direction and shows polarity.
Watson and Crick explain the structure of DNA based on the X ray diffraction produced by Rosalind. According to the structure, chromosomes are present in the nucleus and contains the DNA and wrapped around the proteins. The genes is considered as the functional segment of DNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1), (2) and (3).
Answer:
1) Skull and Vertebral column
2) Meninges
3) Cerebrospinal fluid.
Explanation:
Central Nervous system:
CNS is the abbreviation of Central Nervous system. CNS controls the whole body functions so it is the most important component of the body. CNS consist of two parts 1) Brain and 2) Spinal cord
Both of these organs are very important and hence need to be protected. Nature provided these organs with certain protective mechanisms these includes
1) Skull and Vertebral column:
Skull is present around brain and vertebral column is present around spinal cord. These structure provides mechanical support to soft parts of CNS.
2) Meninges:
These are the membranes that provide antiseptic environment to the brain and hence protect it from microbes and other harmful substances.
3) Cerebrospinal fluid:
This fluid is present inside meninges which nourishes the brain and protect it from mechanical stresses.
