settlement of a region
growth of agriculture
establishment of government
expansion of territory
a period of exploration
the birth of industry
age of maturity
stagnation and decline
The Bolsheviks were the Communist Russians after the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II. Their revolution eventually led to d. Civil War in Russia against the non-communist rulers. This resulted in the Bolshevik winning and Vladimir Lenin taking over.
A budget deficit occurs when government expenditure is greater than revenue. When this happens the government is now forced to acquire loans to remedy the deficiency and as such national debt grows. A budget surplus occurs when revenue is greater than expenditure. When this occurs there is no need to get more loans and the surplus can now be used to service the national debt; thus reducing it.
The executive branch of each state is responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of government, providing services, and enforce law.