Answer:
first is mRNA and second is amino acid
Answer: A. The hydrogen bonds cause water to resist a change in temperature.
Explanation:
Heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of heat required to convert 1 mole of liquid to gaseous state.
Water has high heat of vaporization due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and a electronegative element oxygen. As the water molecules are strongly bonded to each other, large amount of heat is required to raise the temperature of water.
The molecules will not be able to gain enough kinetic energy and thus temperature changes slowly.
Answer:
The innate or nonspecific immune system includes two lines of defense in the human body. Non-specific means that it does not act on the specific pathogen. It works equally to keep all types of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites et cetera out of the body.
The first line of defense includes physical barrier which prevents the entry of pathogens into the body. It includes skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, nasopharynx, eyelashes, and body hairs.
It also includes chemical barriers such as mucus, gastric acid, bile, tears, sweat, and saliva.
The second line of defense includes anti-inflammatory responses, fever, and nonspecific cellular responses such as phagocytes, macrophages, complement system et cetera.
Thus, the virus has to pass physical, chemical, and nonspecific cellular responses of the body in order to infect the body.
Answer:
Voltage describes the amount of energy associated with electric charge as it moves around in a circuit. Its standard unit, the volt, is related to the standard units of electric charge (the coulomb) and energy (the joule) such that one volt is equal to one joule of energy for each coulomb of electric charge.
Answer:
The bacteria are still present and may obtain antibiotic resistance to spread to other species by horizontal gene transfer.