Answer:
a. substantia nigra
b. substantia nigra (it is repeated)
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by the death of neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine in the <u>substantia nigra</u>, or locus niger, -a region of the brain that regulates brain circuits that give the 'orders' to initiate voluntary movements- .
The lack of this neurotransmitter leads to the occurrence of the main symptoms suffered by patients: decreased movements, muscle stiffness, postural instability and tremor. These failures are generated by the abnormal way in which neurons work in the absence of dopamine through a mechanism that is not known in depth.
It is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, with a prevalence of 2% in people over 65 years. The characteristic symptoms of stiffness, bradykinesia and tremor are associated with losses of neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum. There are large cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, which are the pathological mark of the disease and appear predominantly in neurons that contain melanin of the nigra substance. Genetic studies in a subgroup of families with Parkinson's disease with autosomal dominant inheritance found a locus on chromosome 4q-21 23 and a mutation in the gene that encodes a synaptic protein, α-synuclein.
There are five main fields of environmental science; each one created up of multiple smaller domains.
These five areas are atmospheric sciences, ecology, environmental chemistry, geosciences, and social sciences
<h3>What are three fields within environmental science that focus on non living aspects of the environment?</h3>
Climatology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and climate. Hydrology is the reflection of Earth's water resources.
Earth science is the analysis of the Earth's nonliving systems and the planet as a whole.
Thus, These five fields are atmospheric sciences, ecology, environmental chemistry, geosciences, and social sciences.
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Answer:
Overflow incontinence
Explanation:
Overflow incontinence is due to the leakage of small amounts of urine out of a bladder that is perpetually full. Diabetes and spinal cord injuries may trigger this kind of incontinence.
A spinal cord injury may disrupt interactions among the nerves in the spinal cord that regulates bladder and bowel function and the brain, which leads to incontinence.
This type of inconsistency results from Injury to the spinal cord at T10-L2 causing an overactive bladder.
Answer:
a The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
Explanation:
This is the the only artery that transports deoxygented blood in mammals. specifically it carry deoxgenated blood from the the atria to the pulmonary circulation. That is to the lungs for the exchange of the C02 in the deoxygenated blood with oxygen in the lungs.
The blood thus become oxygenated,and therefore return through the pulmonary veins to the left ventricle.
From the left ventricle ,through ventricular systole,blood is empty into the aorta through the aortic valves into the systemic circulation.
Although,they carry blood away from the heart,but the blood is de oxygenated instead of the usual oxygenated by arteries,They are still regarded as arteries because of convey of blood away from the heart,a typical role of arteries
Answer: <span>femoral; crural
In referring location/region you can use proximal or distal. Proximal means closer to the body. It's the opposite of distal that would mean further to the body
Femoral (or thigh) is located nearer to the body than crural (or leg).</span>
