This answer has to be 15 or less because the two shorter sides added together have to be longer than or equal to the longest side. It also has to be longer than 3 because otherwise, the sides wouldn't reach each other. So, therefore, the side must be longer than three centimeters, but shorter than 15.
5/8 is also equal to 10/16, so out of 16 students, 10 were boys. Multiply the numerator and denominator by 2 to find 10/16, and that is how you find the answer.