The first reconstruction act
Mansa Musa was a devout Muslim. In 1324, he started making preparations for his initial pilgrimage journey to Mecca. The distance between Mali and Mecca is approximately 3000 miles. Therefore, it took officials and servants from his empire several months to make adequate preparations for the journey. The initial step in making preparations involved the collection of animals which were to be used as sources of food as well as carry luggage. The animals included goats, cows, and camels. Items to be carried by the animals included gold, food, and clothing. More than 30,000 pounds of gold were carried among 100 camels. A large number of people were also included in the caravan that accompanied the king. It is estimated that the caravan consisted of 60,000 people of whom 12,000 were slaves (Woods & Tucker, 2006). Others included 500 maids who were identified by the king’s first wife, soldiers, story tellers, teachers, and doctors (Woods & Tucker, 2006).
The impact of treaty making in Canada has been wide-ranging and long standing. The treaties the Crown has signed with Aboriginal peoples since the 18th century have permitted the evolution of Canada as we know it. In fact, much of Canada's land mass is covered by treaties. This treaty-making process, which has evolved over more than 300 years between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Canada, has its origins in the early diplomatic relationship developed between European settlers and Aboriginal people. As the two parties made economic and military alliances, Canada began to take form. These diplomatic proceedings were the first steps in a long process that has led to today's comprehensive claims agreements between the Crown and Aboriginal groups.Events in Europe often had major impact in the New World. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht ceded the mainland of the Maritimes, or Acadia, to Great Britain, leaving Île Royal (Cape Breton Island) and Île St-Jean (Prince Edward Island) as the sole French possessions in the area. As Great Britain began to organize and exert its authority over its colony of Nova Scotia, it had to contend not only with the remaining French colonists, but also with France's Aboriginal allies in the region. Fearing Aboriginal people's alliance with the French, the colonial authority negotiated a series of treaties with the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet peoples. Through these treaties made between 1725 to 1779, peace and friendship would be assured between the colony and the Aboriginal population. The Mi'kmaq and Maliseet could benefit from better trade conditions, and the assurance that their religious practices would be undisturbed. On the whole, these treaties were simple agreements with promises of peaceful relations. There were no land cessions whatsoever in the agreements and with the exception of the 1752 and 1760-61 treaties where a specific trade clause was included, these treaties only served to re-establish normal relations between the parties after military conflicts.
1. Antonio Villaraigosa: he is a former mayor of Los Angeles. He was the first Latino mayor in Los Angeles in more than 130 years, and his election marked a new era, not only for the latinos but also to other minorities that had been forgotten by the public office. He wanted to construct alliances across the racial lines and a new form of politics.
2. Sylvia Mendez: she was born in 1936 and grew up during segregation in schools. After she tried to enroll in a white school and she was denied, her parents sued the California public school system. Sylvia would eventually bcome the first Hispanic to attend a Whites Only school and gave visibility to the Hispanics against segregation in schools.
3. Dolores Huerta: she is the co-founder of the United Farm Workers Union and a famous labor activist in American history. She organized negotiations with business to provide fair treatment for their workers, and has kept fighting to improve the conditions of migrant farm workers.
4. Juan Felipe Herrera: he was the first chicano to be named poet laureate, one of the greatest honors in literature. He grew up in a family of poor migrant workers, who travelled to California looking for work and liven in tents. These experiences marked his personality and his career. He eventually received a scholarship to UCLA and earned a master's degree from Standord.
5. Carlos Santana: as a musician, he pioneered a sound that mixed rock & roll with afro-cuban and latin music, giving visibility to hispanic and latin sounds in mainstream music. He is considered one of the greatest guitar players alive and has won 10 Grammy, acomplishing a remarkable career.
