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Bacon's Rebellion was the result of discontent among backcountry
farmers who had taken the law into their own hands against government
corruption and oppression. Many Virginians were debtors. Borrowing on
the strength of paper money was stopped by the British Government,
leading to more discontent against the merchant classes. Many of the
supporters of the rebellion were indentured servants and slaves, who
were a majority of Virginia's population.
Historians have pointed out that one of the most important reforms made
during Bacon's government was the recognition of the right to bear arms,
so that the common man could defend himself from hostile Indians but
also to oppose a despotic regime. After Berkeley's resumption of power,
this right was one of the first he repealed. Miller suggests it was
Bacon's Rebellion that may have served as one of the motives for later
colonists' insistence the right to bear arms. Historian Stephen Saunders
Webb suggests that Bacon's Rebellion was a revolution, with roots in
the English Civil War and with consequences including the American
Revolutionary War.
It was largely the slaves, servants and poor farmers (many of whom were
former indentured servants) who rebelled. Before the rebellion, African
slaves were rare in Virginia, mainly due to their expense and the lack
of slave traders bringing Africans to Virginia. Many Africans were
brought as indentured servants, becoming free after serving their term
of labor. While indentured servants from Europe continued to play a role
in Virginia after the rebellion, African slave imports grew rapidly and
new laws made slavery lifelong and passed on to one's children,
creating a racially-based class system with Africans at the bottom and
even the poorest European indentured servants above. This broke the
common interest between the poor English and the Africans of Virginia
which had existed during Bacon's Rebellion.
The rebellion strengthened the ties between Virginia south of the James
River and the Albemarle Settlements in present-day North Carolina, while
creating a long-lasting animosity between the two colonies'
governments. The Albemarle region offered refuge for rebels in the
aftermath. In the longer term, North Carolina offered an alternative to
colonists disenchanted with Virginia. </span>
The dynasty of Gurjar Pratiharas was founded by Harichandra in 6th century AD. They remained influential till 11th century AD.
Gorbachev's reforms are ultimately responsible for the Soviet collapse, which saw the end of Soviet superpower status, a massive reduction in the Soviet military's size and strength, the unilateral evacuation of all territories in Central and Eastern Europe occupied at great human cost in the Second World War, and a rapidly declining economy fragmented into fifteen separate states. Much of the argument that the Soviet political system and economy needed reform needed change to avoid collapse came directly from him - the phrase "Era of Stagnation" to describe the Brezhnev years is actually a piece of Gorbachev's rhetoric. However there seems to be a strong case (made by Stephen Kotkin in Armageddon Averted), that while the Soviet economy was growing at ever slower rates, and increasingly unable to close the ever-present gap in living standards between the USSR and the West, probably could have continued to muddle on - there was no imminent danger of political and economic collapse in 1985. It's also important to note that Gorbachev's reforms did not cause the collapse of the USSR on purpose, and Gorbachev was always committed to maintaining the union in some reformed shape under an economic system that was still socialist. However, his reforms both began to pick apart the centralized economy without really creating new institutions, which caused severe economic disruptions, and his political reforms unleashed new political movements outside his control, while all of these reforms antagonized more hardline members of the nomenklatura (party establishment). Ultimately he lost control of the situation. The Soviet system was highly-centralized and governed in a top-down approach, and it was Gorbachev who put reforms into motion and also removed members of the Soviet government and Communist party who opposed reforms. Gorbachev's period tends to get divided into roughly three periods: a period of reform, a period of transformation, and a period of collapse. The period of reform lasted roughly from 1985 to 1988, in which Gorbachev and his supporters in the government (notably Eduard Shevardnadze, Gorbachev's foreign minister and the future President of Georgi, and Aleksandr Yakovlev, Gorbachev's ally on the Politburo and the intellectual driver of reforms) tried a mixture of moderate reforms and moral suasion to revitalize the Soviet economy as it was, echoing Khrushchev's reforms of 20 years previous. While the goal was a revitalization of Soviet society and the economy, there was a very strong focus on morality: this period notably featured the anti-alcoholism/prohibition campaign, and very public campaigns against corruption (Dmitry Furman called this a "sort of Marxist Protestantism"). When these efforts did not secure the results that Gorbachev and his reformers desired, more far-reaching reforms were pursued in the 1988-1990 period. This is when Gorbachev made massive changes to Soviet foreign policy, such as withdrawing from Afghanistan in 1989, announcing unilateral cuts to military spending and forces at the UN in 1988, and more or less cutting the USSR's Eastern European satellite states in 1989. On the domestic sphere, this is when Gorbachev pushed through major political changes to the Soviet system, pushing through a new Congress of People's Deputies to be filled through semi-free elections, removing the Communist Party's monopoly of power and creating the office of President of the USSR for himself in 1990. This is also the period when glasnost ("openness", ie the lifting of censorship) took off, and these all were largely attempts to establish a new base of support for continued reforms once it became clear to Gorbachev that most of the Communist Party was uninterested in this. These reforms ushered in the 1990-1991 chaos, at which point Gorbachev essentially lost control. Falling oil prices and the crackdown on alcohol sales (which were a massive part of the Soviet budget), plus Gorbachev's loosening of management and sales restrictions on state firms while maintaining most of their subsidies, plus plans for importing of new Western machine tools and technology to revitalize the economy, seriously destabilized the Soviet budget, and caused the government to turn to the printing presses to cover ever increasing deficits.
Manufacturing was the most surprising at the time . Rosie the Riveter was made famous as a lovely woman in coveralls helping build airplanes for the war effort .
Answer:
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