<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
Answer:
a) the same number of cells in both
Explanation:
In cells reproduction, in both cases we consider the same specie, the same generation time, and we assume the same broth.
The only advantage of the container with more milliliters of nutrients is that when the population increases, it will need more nutrients, so maybe the reproduction rate in the container with 100 ml will be lower.
But if the temperature, the quantity of nutrients are the same in both containers, so the volume is not a variable to affect the speed or low the reproduction rate.
Answer:
Enhancement in the life expectancy of humans can exhibit certain unwanted outcomes that could affect the quality of life. Some of the probable social and ecological outcomes due to an increase in life expectancy are:
Social: Greater life expectancy would signify that the age of employment would get extended. As an outcome, the older individuals would hold the seats for a longer duration, leaving only some seats for the young. This would influence the life quality and development of the young.
Due to the increase in life expectancy, there would be an elevation in the demand for basic needs, and increased consumption of food increased utilization of land, and larger population. The use of global resources would increase by humans, therefore, declining the resources at a greater rate. Hence, overall, the ratio of the old to the young would get influenced, and therefore, the quality of life would get affected.
Ecological: With longer life expectancy, there will be an enhanced burden of human species on the planet Earth. Due to this, the balance between the humans and the other species would get disturbed. Human activities have been substantially related to the issues of global warming, issues of deforestation, endangering of other species resulting in ecological imbalance.
Enhancement in the life expectancy of humans would cause further destruction of endangered species and huge imbalance in the ecosystems that would eventually influence life of human beings. Therefore, ecological in combination with socioeconomic influence of greater life expectancy incline towards reduced quality of life, and it is not desirable.
