Affective individualism is an alleged process that occurred in industrialized countries in the 1700s, though its existence remains controversial.
The theory argues that, up to that point, the extended family and the wider community represented very strong ties for people, which made the nuclear family a smaller role in emotional fulfillment. This meant that marriages and procreation were often instrumental.
However, with the rise of affective individualism, families started to change in several ways:
- The nuclear family became more important, and the centre of family life.
- Having children became less instrumental an more driven by affective reasons.
- Marriages were more and more commonly based on love, as opposed to convenience.
- Sex became more important as a source of pleasure, and not only as an instrument for reproduction.
It is also argued that these changes, which for the most part accompanied industrialization, helped the development of capitalism.
This depends on your definition of "friendly". Although there was plenty of animosity in the years after the war, Americans and British maintained a fairly cordial relationship because it was in the best interest of both countries to trade with one another. However tensions over land disputes and the British taking American sailors eventually led to the War of 1812.
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The position of caliph became hereditary during the Umayyad Caliphate, making it the first Islamic dynasty. ... One of the responsibilities of the Caliph was to protect the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
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B) an increased need to decent the frontier, where french colonist and their tribal allies remained strong.
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As a consequence of the French Indian War, Britain had to increase military patrols and the line of defenses along a new, longer frontier. This increased the costs for the colonial administration in America, beside the large debts the English crown had to take to finance the war. The measure taken was to increase taxes, a policy that caused resentment and disatisfaction among colonists.
