Answer: Option A
Explanation: In simple words, substitution effect refers to the economic phenomenon which states that when price of one good rises the demand for the alternative of that particular good also rises. For example - coke and pepsi.
On the other hand, income effect states that when the price of a commodity rises, a number of consumers might find it hard to purchase due to the price exceeding their income power which further results in lower demand.
Hence from the above we can conclude that the correct option is A.
This question is mostly based on your personal opinion and experience, so I don't think that I'll be able to help you with this question.
Desire-based advertising is used to drive people to purchase items based on a desire for it. An example for desire-based advertising is to draw people in to a store based on a sale of an item that they desire. A fear-based advertisment can be for insurance. They advertise against the "what ifs" and "what could happen" if you do not hold car insurance and end up needing it.
GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.