Although the tenant/sharecropping system is usually thought of as a development that occurred after the Civil War, this type of farming existed in antebellum Mississippi, especially in the areas of the state with few slaves or plantations, such as northeast Mississippi.
Not all whites who emigrated to even the poorest parts of Mississippi in the years before the Civil War had the funds to purchase a farm. As a result, most of the men who headed these households worked as tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Many rented land from or farmed on shares with family members and typically received favorable arrangements, but some antebellum tenants or sharecroppers had to deal with landlords who were primarily concerned with making profits rather than helping struggling farmers move toward landownership.
Consider the sharecropping arrangement that Richard Bridges of Marshall County worked out with his landlord, T. L. Treadwell, in the 1850s. Treadwell provided Bridges with land, livestock, and tools; the landlord also advanced Bridges some food. Bridges grew corn and cotton, and at the end of the year, he had to give Treadwell one-sixth of the corn he grew and five-sixths of the cotton raised. From his share of the crop, Bridges also had to pay Treadwell for the use of the livestock and tools and for the food advanced. Obviously, Bridges worked the entire year primarily for the food he needed to live. He had no opportunity to make any money from this arrangement and accumulate the capital that would allow him to purchase his own farm.
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After the American Revolution, Jay believed in a strong central government than that created by the Articles of the Confederation, the first constitution of the United States. One of his chief gripes with the Articles of Confederation was America's lack of unity on trade: the national Congress could promise countries like France or Spain access to shipping ports, but without an executive branch to enforce the promises, any of the states could ignore the rules.
Are you talking about the French and Indian War, or what war are you asking about?
Hernan Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire and imperialized large parts of Mexico. Cortes conquered modern day Mexico on behalf of the Spanish kingdom of King of Castille in the 16th century. Cortes was a part of the early colonizers from the Spain who conquered and colonized large swaths of the Americas. The Spanish conquered enormous swaths of Latin and South America and the effects of this colonization can still be seen in the language, culture, and lifestyle of this region.
