Answer:
Cognitive dissonance techniques are difficult to implement on a mass scale.
Explanation:
Cognitive dissonance refers to a state of operation of conflicting views and ideas in the mind, at the same moment. Usually those contrasting views are difficult to reconcile.
A marketer targets consumer's state of cognitive dissonance by advertising and touching upon those product attributes which create a dissonance between a consumer's perceived idea of the product and what the advertiser depicts.
This state of perceptible conflict in the ideas leads a consumer towards it's reconciliation and induces a purchase.
For example, a salesperson advertising an expensive watch as, a product only purchased by "royal" social class. Now, the consumer though considers the product to be too expensive. But now, he thinks of the royalty aspect, which may ultimately induce him to buy such a product.
Such techniques can only be implemented to induce sales at individual level or targeted at few customers. Wherein the customers are huge, the conflict or cognitive dissonance gap would be huge, which the marketer will not be able to bridge.
Answer:
a. How much will you have in your retirement account on the day you retire?
- future value of the annuity = annual payment x (FV annuity factor, 11%, 40 periods) = $5,000 x 581.826 = $2,909,130
b. If, instead of investing $5,000 per year, you wanted to make one lump-sum investment today for your retirement that will result in the same retirement saving, how much would that lump sum need to be?
- present value = future value / (1 + interest rate)ⁿ = $2,909,130 / 1.11⁴¹ = $40,320.04
c. If you hope to live for 28 years in retirement, how much can you withdraw every year in retirement (starting one year after retirement) so that you will just exhaust your savings with the 28th withdrawal (assume your savings will continue to earn 11.0% in retirement)?
- payment = present value / annuity factor (PV annuity factor, 11%, 28 years) = $2,909,130 / 8.60162 = $338,207.22
d. If, instead, you decide to withdraw $647,000 per year in retirement (again with the first withdrawal one year after retiring), how many years will it take until you exhaust your savings?
- We can first try to get an approximate answer. The annuity factor = $2,909,130 / $647,000 = 4.49633694. Now looking at an annuity table we can look at the closest amount for 11%. The answer is between 6 years (annuity factor 4.2305) and 7 years (annuity factor 4.7122). This means that in less than 7 years you will have no more money left.
e. Assuming the most you can afford to save is $ 1 comma 000$1,000 per year, but you want to retire with $1,000,000 in your investment account, how high of a return do you need to earn on your investments?
- Again we must use the future value to determine the annuity factor. Annuity factor = $1,000,000 / $1,000 = 1,000. Using an annuity calculator to determine the closest rate (for 40 periods) = 12.9515% ≈ 12.95%
Answer: Expected Return = 0.47
Explanation:
Using the CAPM, The Capital Asset Pricing Model formulae , we have that
Expected Return = Risk Free Rate + Beta(Market Return - Risk Free Rate)
Where
market return is 0.19
Beta =2.67
risk-free asset= 0.02
Expected Return=0.02 +2.67 X (0.19 - 0.02)
=0.02 +2.67 X (0.17)
0.02 +0.4539
Required Return=0.47
Therefore Expected Return for Snap On Inc is 0.47
Answer:
Fair Value adjustment $5,000 Dr.
Unrealized holding gain-net income $5,000 Cr.
Explanation:
Common stock purchase price = $500,000
North company outstanding stock = $10,000,000
5% stock of outstanding stock purchased :
(5/100) * $10,000,000
0.05 * 10,000,000
= $500,000
Fair value of investment = $505,000
Adjustment in fair value = $505,000 - $500,000 = $5000 ( Debit)
Unrealized holding gain-net income = $505,000 - $500,000 ( Credit)