Answer:
a) to provide NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and for dealing with oxidative stress
d) to provide ribose-phosphate for nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis
Explanation:
During the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized into pentose phosphates. This pathway uses NADP as an electron acceptor and reduces it into NADPH. The products of this pathway, the pentose phosphates are used by the cells to synthesize nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The pentose phosphates are also used for the synthesis of nucleotides and coenzymes such as NADH, FADH2, etc.
These synthetic pathways are particularly occurring at a higher rate in the rapidly dividing cells such as the cells of bone marrow, skin. The NADPH formed during this pathway is used by cells as an electron donor for the reactions of reductive biosynthesis. Some of these pathways are the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and steroid hormones. NADPH is also involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species such as oxygen radicals. These ROS are responsible for oxidative stress.
<span>Bilbo has really become an expert burglar by this point and he has claimed for ... Thorin does not become a villain but his character degenerates into greed ... various groups advance towards the mountain‹for there is treasure to be had. ... the effect of dramatic irony, for we know precisely what will happen.</span>
Answer:
The levels of Organisation in multicellular Organisms are Cells,tissues,organs and organs systems.Organisms,
Explanation:
Cells through out the body develop and perform different functions.Different types of cells constitute to form tissues,and different tissues constitute to form an organ and different organs constitute form an organ system and different systems perform specific functions.The organ systems such as the digestive,circulatory,excretory,nervous,Respiratory,lymphatic system and reproductive system These systems are complex by the action of enzymes these systems are carried out.Without the enzymatic action the functions of a system cannot carry out.
The only kingdom without cell walls is 'The fungi kingdom'
