Answer:
Land vertebrates developed lungs, a new vein (the pulmonary vein) to take blood from them to the heart, and a double circulation, whereby the heart is effectively divided into two halves—one-half concerned with pumping incoming deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs and the other with pumping oxygenated blood .
Explanation:
Answer:for cooking, to put out he fire out, for recreation, and for food.
Explanation:
Answer:
NADH, pyruvate.
Explanation:
The fermentation process occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix.
Thanks to the H+ that are recovered from the oxidation of NADH to NAD +, they bind to pyruvic acid to change its conformation and transform it into lactic acid.
Two types of fermentation occur:
- Lactic
- Alcoholic, which releases ethanol + CO2
This is the reaction:
C6H12O6 + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD → 2 CH3-CH2OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP + 2 NAD
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated.
In proteins that have segments extending extracellularly, the extracellular segments are also often glycosylated. Glycoproteins are also often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions. It is important to distinguish endoplasmic reticulum-based glycosylation of the secretory system without of reversible cytosolic/nuclear glycosylation. Glycoprotein of the cytosol and nucleus can be modified through the reversible addition of a single GlcNAc residues that is consider reciprocal to phosphorylation and the functions of these are likely to be additional regulatory mechanism that controls phosphorylation-based signalling.[2] In contrast, classical secretory glycosylation can be structurally essential. For example, inhibition of asparagine-linked, i.e. N-linked, glycosylation can prevent glycoprotein folding and full inhibition can be toxic to an individual cell. In contrast, perturbations of terminal processing, which occurs in the Golgi apparatus, is dispensable for isolated cells(as evidence by survival with glycosides inhibitors) but can lead to human disease (Congenital disorders of glycosylation) and can be lethal in animal models. It is therefore likely that the fine processing of glycans is important for endogeneous functionality, such as cell trafficking, but that this is likely to have been secondary to its role in host-pathogen interactions. A famous example of this latter effect is the ABO blood system.
