Answer:
d. Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions in a cell that impact energy use and release.
Explanation:
The phrase "all of the chemical reactions" has made it the best definition of metabolism.
Answer:
From lowest to highest tendency to donate electrons:
NADP+, Oxygen (O2), α–ketoglutarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate
Explanation:
Electron donors are those molecules that can easily lose an electron and are known as reducing agents.
Lower the electronegativity, better the electron donor it is
Oxygen is an oxidizing agent and hence, a strong electron acceptor and not a donor.
NADP+ state for this coenzyme functions as an ideal electron acceptor rather than an electron donor
Tonsillitis or inflammation of the tonsils caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci or <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> is otherwise known as acute tonsillopharyngitis, bacterial. In starting antibiotic therapy for acute tonsillopharyngitis, the parents of the patient must know that the etiologic agent of the disease is a bacteria that's why an antibiotic is needed for treatment. The nurse should also inform about the most probable adverse effect of the antibiotic for the parents to be aware. Lastly, the nurse should inform about antibiotic resistance because patients opt to stop antibiotic therapy after feeling well, without completing the complete course of antibiotics.
<u>Passive chloride</u> and <u>GABA</u> are the channels through which chloride ions could pass into the cell.
<h3>What are chloride channels?</h3>
Ion channels are used by cells to regulate many cellular functions, from action potential conduction to water balance, which is sometimes achieved by using a single ion in the setting of different channels types.
Although ion channels are described as transmembrane proteins that have a “pore” which allows for the diffusion of specific ions across a concentration gradient, other channels involved in ion transport include antiporters (exchange), symporters (cotransport in the same direction) and pumps (use energy from hydrolysis of ATP).
Chloride channels are a remarkable example of this since they are involved in the control of transepithelial transport, membrane excitability, and the regulation of cell volume and intracellular and intraorganelle pH.
All of this is achievable by the use of the many different types of chloride channels, of which there are three major families: the voltage-gated chloride channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and related channels, and the ligand-gated channels activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.
Learn more about ion channels
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