A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Answer:
The correct answer will be- to synthesise the ATP molecules in respiration process.
Explanation:
The electron transport chain is the last phase of the cellular respiration which helps in the synthesis of a large number of ATP molecules.
The ATP molecules are synthesized when the energy generated by the movement of protons through CF₀ unit takes place.
The movement of electrons in the chain leads to the movement of proton from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This creates the proton gradient across the membrane which to equilibrate the protons move down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase. The energy while this is used to rotate the ATP synthase which coverts the ADP to ATP.
Thus, to synthesise the ATP molecules in the respiration process.
Answer:
Regulatory gene
Explanation:
Transcription is one of the major processes that occurs during gene expression. It is the transfer of the genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. A strand of mRNA is made using complementary base pairs.
However, there is need for gene expression to be regulated.
Gene regulation refers to the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of a gene. These include structural & chemical changes to the genetic material, binding of proteins to specific DNA elements to regulate transcription. These proteins that influences transcription by binding to specific nucleotide sequences (DNA segments/gene) are referred to as REGULATORY PROTEINS and those involved in regulating transcription of genes are called TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Regulatory proteins controls the rate and manner of gene expression by binding to specific genes, thus, making it easy or hard for RNA polymerase (enzyme that attaches to DNA to synthesize mRNA molecule) to bind to the promoter of that gene.
Transcription factors (regulatory proteins) that promote gene transcription are called ACTIVATORS while those that decrease are called REPRESSORS.
