The reason is to help in seed dispersal. Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Due to the fact that plants have very limited mobility they have to rely upon variety of dispersal; vectors to transport their seeds, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Seed dispersal is important because if seed are not dispersed, many germinating seedlings will grow very close to the parent plant which would result to competition between every one of the seedlings as well as the parent. The competition for essential growth factors such as light, space, water and nutrients.
The toll-like receptors do NOT directly lyse bound pathogens (Option C). These protein receptors play fundamental roles in the innate immune system.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are single-pass membrane-spanning protein receptors that play fundamental functions in the innate immune system.
TLRs are differentially expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (i.e., macrophages and dendritic cells) in order to recognize evolutionary conserved antigenic domains in different pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. bacteria).
TLRs initiate innate immune responses such as, for example, inflammatory responses, by identifying conserved pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs).
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Given what we know about phytoplankton biomass peaks in the polar region of the northern hemisphere, we can confirm that this occurs in the spring.
As the polar regions are tilted away from the sun, days there are short, sometimes these regions even enter month-long periods of darkness. Due to this, sunlight is not always strong enough to penetrate deep into the water.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring given that during this time the sun is high enough in the sky for sunlight to penetrate deep into the water and provide a food source for the plankton to thrive.
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Explanation:
purines-Double carbon-nitrogen ring with four nitrogen atoms
pyrimidines-Single carbon-nitrogen ring with two nitrogen atoms
