Many colonists felt that they should not pay these taxes, because they were passed in England by Parliament, not by their own colonial governments. They protested, saying that these taxes violated their rights as British citizens. The colonists started to resist by boycotting, or not buying, British goods.It required the colonists to pay a tax, represented by a stamp, on various papers, documents, and playing cards. ... Adverse colonial reaction to the Stamp Act ranged from boycotts of British goods to riots and attacks on the tax collectors.
The US presidential election of 1800 where Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated Federalist John Adams, demonstrated that the ideas in the US Constitution were stronger than the political parties ideas. Despite the troublesome campaign and election, John Adams was able to pass the presidency to his political rival, Thomas Jefferson, reinforcing the importance of the American democratic system.
1st answer: Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain. 2nd answer: John Quincy Adams resolved this through the Treaty of 1818 where the border of the United States and Canada was established at the 49th Parallel.