1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
irakobra [83]
3 years ago
11

2. Following her visit to the pediatrician, Cindy undergoes a diabetic care training program, learning how to self-inject insuli

n subcutaneously and check her blood-glucose level at home with chemstrips. In addition, she learns the importance of carrying candy and glucagon with her at all times as well as eating the right amounts of food at the right times each day.
Biology
1 answer:
garri49 [273]3 years ago
5 0

Full question  below

Answer:

1. The elevation is due to failure of the beta-cells of the pancreas to produce hormone insulin, which  facilitates entry of   blood glucose into cells via GLUT  transporters. Therefore  the level of  blood glucose rises, beyond threshold.

2. Lower blood pH is  increase in blood acidity.  it is due to the process of Gluconeogenesis; (conversion of non -carbohydrate molecule to glucose) where fatty acid is withdrawn from  adipose tissues and broken down to  ketone bodies by beta oxidation in the liver.Ketonebodies is acidic, therefore lowers the blood pH.(metabolic acidosis) this is complication is called Diabeticketoacidosis(DKA) and it is very common in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

3. the fruity odour is a result of ketone  acidosis accumulation in the blood.  the smell is that of acetone. this is a volatile  ketone that can be released in the lungs. Due to  metabolic acidosis, the body compensatory mechanism, buffer up the hydrogen ions; by excretion in the kidney,  haemoglobin bonding with formation of <u>haemoglobinic</u> acid(HBB) and increases  in breathing -hyperventilation to  reduce blood C02 levels.

4.Frequent urination is due to elevated blood glucose levels from gluconeogenesis and glucogenlysis. The high glucose levels is excreted in the kidney, ans since the blood solute potential has increased,water flows out via osmosis. therefore large diluted urine is produced (polyuria); leading to dehydration.

5.The failure of  glucose uptake by the cells, and constant massive  loss in the urine leads to failure of  cellular metabolic reaction and  starving of the body cells.The satiety(hunger)center in the hypothalamus is stimulated and Cindy feels hunger pangs. However, in normal conditions GLUT transporters(membrane protein channels) under  the regulation  of insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into the cells, for metabolic activities.These transporters are designated;e.g GLUT 1, (brain)GLUT 2,(liver) GLUT 4.(muscles)

1. she has type 1 diabetes mellitus,  because of her age and most of her complications which are  due to absence of  hormone insulin in the blood streams, especially her metabolic acidosis,<u>polyuria,</u> <u>dehydration,and hunger pangs.</u>

2 this can lead to hypoglycemia, low blood glucose level as  excessive insulin withdraws  blood glucose,into the cells through the  GLUT transporters. This depletes blood glucose leading to tiredness, confusion,fainting and constipation. It also leads to activation of <u>sodium-potassium ATPases</u> in the membrane cells, which increases the movements of excessive <u>potassium ions into the cells.</u> This leads to Hyperkalemia.

she needs to constantly maintain her blood glucose level to the threshold; because of massive losses in the kidney.<u>Therefore, she needs candy to supply direct glucose to the cells from the blood, and  to placate her thirst from polyuria and dehydration,by keeping  her mouth moist, </u>

and

<u>hormone glucagon to break down glycogen to glucose to  maintain blood glucose threshold level to the cells.</u>

Explanation:

Chief Complaint: 8-year-old girl with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss. History: Cindy Mallon, an 8-year-old girl in previously good health, has noticed that, in the past month, she is increasingly thirsty. She gets up several times a night to urinate, and finds herself gulping down glassfulls of water. At the dinner table, she seems to be eating twice as much as she used to, yet she has lost 5 pounds in the past month. In the past three days, she has become nauseated, vomiting on three occasions, prompting a visit to her pediatrician. Questions A. At the doctors office, blood and urine samples are taken. The following lat resuits are noted blood glucose level 545 mg/dl (normal 50 170 mg/di) blood pH level 7.23 urine-tested positive for glucose and for acetone acetoacetate (ie. ketone bodies) (normally urine is free of glucose and ketone bodies) (normal 7.35-7.45) 1. Why is her blood sugar level elevated? (2points) 2. Why is her blood pH level decreased? (2 points) 3. Cindy has a fruity odor to her breath. Why? (2 points) 4 Explain why Cindy is urinating so frequently? (2 points) 5. How is Cindys condition like that of starvation? Address the role of glucose transport in your answer. (3 points) B. Following her visit to the pediatrician, Cindy undergoes a diabetic care training program, learning how to self-inject insulin subcutaneously and check her blood- glucose level at home with chemstrips. In addition, she learns the importance of carrying candy and glucagon with her at all times as well as eating the right amounts of food at the right times each day 6. Given that she is being treated with insulin, what type of diabetes does she have? What dangers confront Cindy as she gives herself insulin artificially ona daily basis? Why must she carry candy and glucagon with her at all times? (3 points)

Show transcribed ima

You might be interested in
Which is an innovation of gymnosperms?
malfutka [58]

note:

Gymnosperms possess several key evolutionary innovations compared to earlier groups such as the clubmosses and ferns. They produce sperm-containing pollen, which is carried through the air by the wind to the female. This innovation has freed these plants from the need for water for sexual reproduction.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Some people seem more willing to openly display prejudice regarding sexual orientation than prejudice regarding race and gender.
STALIN [3.7K]

Answer:

Some people offer more prejudice on the sexual orientation because sexual orientation like gay marriages were not seen in the world before. Before the 21st century, the same- sex marriage was never seen or heard about. So, today people display more prejudice regarding this issue because sexual orientation began in the 21st century. Many people are of the view that this same sex marriage is not traditional and hence it is not right morally. While others believe that every person has the right of freedom and this is their civil right to do what they like.

The discrimination based on race and gender has been an issue from the start of human lives. Almost every country has a history which shows race and gender discrimination. Hence, though majority of the people today are against this but still is is not as a hot and new topic for prejudice as the topic of sexual orientation is.

6 0
3 years ago
HELPPPPPPPPP !!!!!!!!!!!!!
stich3 [128]

Answer: I believe the answer would be 2

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Explain the chemical process of transforming energy from glucose to atp through the process of cellular respiration
svetlana [45]

Explanation:

During respiration, the breakdown of glucose undergoes several steps in order to produce ATP, namely in glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP

Further Explanation:

In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).

Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.

This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...

  • Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
  • The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
  • The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046

#LearnWithBrainly

7 0
3 years ago
The three bacterial shapes in Model 1 are referred to as coccus (sphere), spirillum, and bacillus (rod). Label the diagrams in M
Charra [1.4K]
<span>Bacteria keep their shape by having a rigid cell wall, but they can be shaped and appear differently. There are three main shapes of bacteria: 1.) The Coccus bacteria is in a sphere shape. 2.) Spirillum bacteria is in a spiral shape. 3.) The Bacillus bacteria comes in a rod shape. Each of these bacteria can come in pairs, clusters or chains.</span>
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A(n) _____ is a group of cells, with similar functions, that work together. organ tissue unicellular system
    7·2 answers
  • A type of blood cell that can kill cancer cells is called (<br> a. ________.
    15·1 answer
  • What is artificial selection?
    14·2 answers
  • When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________.
    5·1 answer
  • What is stimulus? (7th grade life science question)
    14·1 answer
  • Which psychological perspective states that personalities are determined mostly by one’s genes? A. humanistic B. psychodynamic C
    6·2 answers
  • Which characteristic is true of sexual reproduction but not of asexual reproduction?
    10·1 answer
  • What is the role of the spindle fibers? *
    8·1 answer
  • What year did anton van leeuwenhoek contribute to the cell theory?
    13·1 answer
  • What is the hotspot i’ll give you brainlist
    6·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!