Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War. Under black codes, many states required Black people to sign yearly labor contracts; if they refused, they risked being arrested, fined and forced into unpaid labor.
Even as former enslaved people fought to assert their independence and gain economic autonomy during the earliest years of Reconstruction. While the codes granted certain freedoms to African Americans—including the right to buy and own property, marry, make contracts and testify in court (only in cases involving people of their own race)—their primary purpose was to restrict Black peoples’ labor and activity. Black people who broke labor contracts were subject to arrest, beating and forced labor, and apprenticeship laws forced many minors into unpaid labor for white planters.
Even though Indonesia gained its independence from the Dutch, the country was still poor because Dutch used this country for crops and gave little investments to transportation, education, and health. With this fact, the economy of this country in that time was still progressing.
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Reaction of carbonyl compounds with hydrogen cyanide, silver cyanide or potassium cyanide with hydrogen chloride
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The Mexican Cession (Spanish: Cesión mexicana) is the region in the modern-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War
At the time of Jesus' life upon earth, the Jews of Palestine read Aramaic.
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