Hello, sorry this is a little late, but hopefully it can help others who visit this question!
I believe the correct answers to your question would be:
Valid Reasons: "Barring motor vehicles from the central area will help reduce air pollution and noise pollution." and "Studies predict that shopping activity in the area will increase if cars are prohibited."
Invalid Reasons: "At a dinner I attended recently, someone complained loudly about the number of cars in the shopping district." and "Many cities of our size have downtowns that are only active during workdays, not on evenings or weekends."
I can confirm these answers are 100% correct!
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a phone book has peoples numbers, so that's not it.
a newspaper is a bunch of news, so no.
I don't actually fully understand thesauruses, so idk.
its a dictionary. hope I helped!
All u have to do is just look at your notes the teacher gave u and make a good introduction with it, but first u have to make a hook, a hook is something that catches things, like a hook catches fish, u are going to need a grammar hook, to reel in your audience to draw their attention to your essay or etc to make them read it, then your gonna need a topic, to tell people what its gonna be about, and u are also gonna need to tell them the main idea of it as well.
Gerund phrases are used as nouns
His attitude was very rude towards her