1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
SashulF [63]
3 years ago
14

Bio 254 - Pre-Class Assignment 1

Biology
1 answer:
Trava [24]3 years ago
5 0

Question 1:

<u>Answer</u>:

The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".

<u>Explanation</u>

"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes  that are  ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.

Question 2:

<u>Answer:</u>

Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.

<u>Explanation</u>:

Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects.  Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of  signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.

You might be interested in
Which is considered a scientific observation?
jasenka [17]

Answer:

Mahir noticed the plant he watered grew taller than those with less water

Explanation:in the process of the scientific method,an observation about an occurrence happens first before an hypothesis is formulated and tested .

Observation usually involves the the description of a phenomenon.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which chemical equation is balanced to show that matter is conserved during the reaction? *
madam [21]

Answer: Every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Which picture below is showing DNA polymerase making more DNA
dlinn [17]
No pic dummy .......
7 0
3 years ago
Help please AYUDAAAAAAAAAAA
vampirchik [111]

Answer:

answers (B) numnut

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
Explain four treatment options for hazardous waste.
marusya05 [52]

Chemical methods--It includes ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction, and neutralization.........

Thermal methods--In this, high-temperature incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them....

Biological treatment-- It is of certain organic wastes, such as those from the petroleum industry by a special method called landfarming

Physical treatment-- It concentrates, solidifies, or reduces the volume of the waste. Physical processes include evaporation, sedimentation, flotation, and filtration....

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A client’s partner uses the call bell to tell the nurse that the client’s membranes have ruptured and “something is hanging out
    12·1 answer
  • The roots of plants are important to photosynthesis because they...
    10·2 answers
  • Based on your knowledge of our solar<br> system, how do you think it originally<br> formed?
    14·1 answer
  • How is reproduction linked to adaptation?
    13·1 answer
  • Which mutagens incorporate into dna and frequently pair with the wrong base?
    8·1 answer
  • Most Archaeans lack a ______ cell wall.
    12·1 answer
  • In a population the homozygous dominant individuals make up 81% of the population, heterozygous individuals make up 18%, and hom
    5·1 answer
  • A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is A) Energy source. B) Cell wall type. C)
    8·1 answer
  • Where does the second phase Cellular Respiration occur (in the animal cell)?
    5·2 answers
  • Do producers in an ecosystem transfer all their energy to first-level consumers?
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!