The Hundred Days Offensive Jul–Nov 1918 was the costliest
The Ludendorff offensive other wise known as the spring offensive was a German offensive on the Western Front intended to win the war before the American troops that had begun arriving in France could fully deploy.
I'm unsure of how far they advanced
Kaiserschlacht was the last German offensive and was a series of German attacks along the Western Front.
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Classical: "relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture." Wikipedia. Classical is basically the study of other cultures. This was a very prominent idea in the Renaissance because of the new theory of humanism.