The answer is A. - Prokatyotic cells lack a defined nucleus while eukaryotic cells do have one :) I loved learning about the cells in biology! But I noticed your question is worded a little differently so the nucleus would be the one thing a eukaryotic cell has that a prokatyotic cell does not...
<span>UGAGCC
There
are three principles to keep in mind when predicting the sequence of
the mRNA produced by transcription of a particular DNA sequence.
The RNA polymerase reads the sequence of DNA bases from only one of the two strands of DNA: the template strand.The
RNA polymerase reads the code from the template strand in the 3' to 5'
direction and thus produces the mRNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction.In
RNA, the base uracil (U) replaces the DNA base thymine (T). Thus the
base-pairing rules in transcription are A→U, T→A, C→G, and G→C, where
the first base is the coding base in the template strand of the DNA and
the second base is the base that is added to the growing mRNA strand.</span>
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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rate brainiest
Answer:
Homologous structures can be described structures which originate in different organisms from a common ancestor and may or may not have the same functions.
Zeuglodons can be described as ancient whales and Orca is a common whale today known as the killer whale.
<u><em>Scientific studies show that Zeuglodans and Orca have many structures in common such as:</em></u>
- <u><em>Having teeth with two roots</em></u>
- <u><em>The presence of nostrils</em></u>
- <u><em>Pelvis and internal femur bones</em></u>
Answer:
the correct answer is: chloroplasts
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are the cellular organelles that in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms take care of photosynthesis.
The characteristic shared by both algae and seed plants is the presence of chloroplasts. Algae and seed plants both have chloroplasts.
