Answer:
Explanation:
The unicellular organisms basically classified into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In case of bacteria the nucleus was completely absent but the replication and translation process were combined together. so there is no need of complexity. The genome is under control of one replication of origin i.e. the replication of DNA and translation for proteins synthesis takes place simultaneously and again no complexity. The organism is depend on these proteins and DNA for different purposes like fission, energy production etc.
If we think about Eukaryotes there is separate boundary for DNA and protein synthesis Nucleus and rest of cytoplasm with organelles. The complexity increases because of functional variations and functions occur at different times. So the whole genome replication is not needed every time and there are separate Origin of replications for segments of DNA (genes). Along with these there are non-functional DNA segments (introns functionally they won’t give proteins). To eliminate them there is a separate process after mRNA synthesis called post transcriptional modifications. After this protein synthesis takes place at cytoplasm. There is one more check point called post translation modification where protein modification (functional diversity) allocated. To adapt the changing environment, stress, reproduce and for any functions there is a wide diversity if we compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answer:
could you maybe show the whole question
Answer and Explanation:
In protein synthesis, the first step is to synthesize messenger RNA, mRNA. The coping process of the DNA section for the desired protein is called transcription, and it happens in the nucleus. After that, it occurs translation, when the formed mRNA moves to the cytoplasm through the nucleus membrane pores.
Protein synthesis is initiated in the cytoplasm when mRNA meets a free ribosome, the primary structure for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are made of protein and ribosomal RNA and can be found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytosol. Free ribosomes are not attached to any cytoplasmic structure or organelle. They synthesize proteins only for internal cell use. Other ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and they are in charge of synthesizing membrane proteins or exportation proteins. Free and attached ribosomes are identical and they can alternate their location. This means that although free ribosomes are floating in the cytosol, eventually, they can get attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Synthesis of proteins might start in the cytoplasm with the production of a molecule portion known as a signal sequence. During translation, mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and tRNA transfer the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. The protein is then synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus. Each amino acid is specified by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA. mARNs have a start and end codon that tells the ribosome where to start and stop adding amino acids. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, it means that protein synthesis is finished.
If the protein is a membrane or exportation protein, the synthesizing protein and its associated ribosome are lead from the cytosol to a specific region in the Rough endoplasmic reticulum where it continues the protein building, and then the protein is translocated to the lumen. Once there, the protein suffers a few modifications, one of them is folding to become functional. Finally, protein is transported by vesicles to the Golgi complex, and from there to its final destiny. In the Golgi complex, it also happens the protein folding and the initial stages of glycosylation.
