The standard is still important (arguably even more important compared to past situation) because due to the development of social media, the flow of information became extremely easy to consume.
Even though this might good for average people, we cannot deny the fact that this could also make it easier for someone who want to intentionally spread misinformation.
Sounds as if she is suffering from withdrawals and cravings. This is causing her to abuse the substance.
I'd say that the answer is observational study because they're just analyzing the data and if it were an experiment they'd be taking data and comparing it.
The Treaty of Versailles is what officially ended World War I in June 28, 1919. Germany had liability for the damages created, thus, leaving Germany in debt due to their fines. Eventually Germany grew into poverty, people grew desperate, and Hitler stepped up and made huge promises. Hitler decided to disobey the Treaty, and commended a chronological amount of events that led to World War II.
Hoped this helped :)
I believe the answer is A, sub-claims. I hope this helps :)