One of the many effects of the Crusades was that the pope and the kings of Western Europe became and Europeans started to trade with the Middle East. Trade increased as they Western Europeans began to buy products such as sugar, lemons and spices which led to the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion
New England is generally referred to as the states north of New York. New England is known as a region in the northeastern part of the United States which comprises of six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Boston is sometimes seen as the center of New England.
The 1975 amendments added protections from voting discrimination for language minority citizens [link to tools of suppression and fed law]. The law now requires jurisdictions with significant numbers of voters with limited or no English proficiency to provide voting materials and assistance in relevant languages in addition to English.