Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
The right answer is the dark reaction would stop happening.
The Calvin cycle (or dark reactions, independent of the sunlight) makes it possible to manufacture glucose, an energy molecule, from carbon dioxide. This is called carbon fixation.There are three reactions of this cycle take place in the stroma of chloroplasts: the first of which is the fixation of carbon dioxide. which is a limiting step in this cycle.If a substance other than the components of the dark reactions absorbs and uses carbon dioxide, the carbon cycle will not be able to occur for lack of one of these ingredients which is the CO2.
Answer:
D. DDT
Explanation:
DDT is highly persistent in the environment means that it break down very slowly in the environment. The half-life for DDT is from 2 to 15 years. Half-life is the time needed for the degradation of half of the compound. Persistent bio-accumulative toxic substances (PBTs) are chemicals that break down slowly in the environment and its accumulation in living organisms are toxic. Some PBTs are dispersed through air currents while some uses other environmental pathways, resulting in contamination of regions far from their points of origin.
The answer is letter A. In most organisms cellular respiration usually involves oxygen to produce the most energy. Except in the process of fermentation, where the cells are deprived with oxygen causing it to form bacteria and other forms of organisms within the fermented sample.
