I guess I'll just write about people, since it'll be the fastest for me.
1. George Washington, the very first president of the United States of America. He was a great leader, and he helped bring an entire nation together with the help of his allies and supporters.
2. Frederick Douglass, a runaway slave and the man who most likely contributed to the Black Power movement the most. He gave powerful speeches everywhere, and thanks to that he helped make all black men and women free from slavery. Not equal, but they were free.
3. Rosa Parks. She boycotted against the way blacks were treated, and, probably the most memorable thing she did, she refused to sit in the back of a bus, where the blacks were forced to sit, and that brought more people to fight for black rights.
Caused many political disputes, caused a lot of waste.
C kingdoms are ruled by one person but a state has many governments like California
You didn't provide us with choices, so I'll simply provide some historical explanation. The main issue was whether the Constitution needed a Bill of Rights added.
The Articles of Confederation, in place prior to the ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, had granted stronger authority to the states. Patrick Henry and other Anti-Federalists were concerned about too much power winding up in the hands of the federal government and its executive branch, thus allowing a small number of national elites to control the affairs of the USA. They feared this also would diminish the rights and freedoms of individual citizens.
Federalists believed the Constitution itself clearly limited government power and protected the rights of the people. Nevertheless, the addition of a Bill of Rights, laid out in the first ten amendments to the Constitution, provided reassurance to Anti-Federalists in the fight over ratification. The compromise which led to agreement in regard to ratification of the Constitution was called the Massachusetts Compromise, because of major opposition to ratification that had existed in Massachusetts. John Hancock and Samuel Adams (both of them anti-Federalists) were the ones who helped negotiate the compromise. The anti-Federalists agreed that they would support ratification of the Constitution, with the understanding that recommendations for amendments would follow if the Constitution was ratified. The Federalists promised to support the proposed amendments, which would outline a Bill of Rights to guarantee protection of specific rights the anti-Federalists wanted specifically asserted in the Constitution.
The US Constitution was ratified in 1788. The Bill of Rights was created in 1789 and ratified in 1791.
