Well part of the water cycle is evaporation which come from heat which you get from the sun. When the water evaporates it goes into clouds so then it can rain.
Hope this Helps
For the pheasant question, it would be the top right graph as this shows an increase, then a further increase in the population of pheasants.
For the population of the world graph, it shows positive exponential growth as it is a large amount of growth within a small time period
Yes there is an equation that can change carbon dioxide to oxygen
I believe the answer may be a sea breeze