<span>This era of new imperialism should be expanded beyond boundaries. Imperialism mainly focus on the economics and te decline aspect of it. So apart from economics new Imperialism has motives in both political and religious . Actually the main cause for new Imperialism is abolish slave labor in America and UK</span>
Medieval age lasted for more than thousand years. The medieval age is formerly proclaimed to be Dark Age not because it was dark but because nothing was known.
After the collapse of Greek and Roman civilizations, the whole of Europe came under the supremacy of the churches at that which gained control. It was called as nothing was known or studied about the political structure that prevailed during that period.
Dark Age does not actually refer to the time when people spent much of their time in darkness. It simply means that nothing came into light from the period when great civilizations came to an end.
The main arguments of the reformers come from a free and personal interpretation of the Bible.
The Protestants noticed the excesses of Catholic traditions. Martin Luther (1483-1546) in Germany and Jean Calvin (1509-1564) in France rejected the authority of the Church, which defines itself as the sole interpreter of the divine faith.
The pillars of Protestantism are expressed by the solae:
- The Bible is the supreme authority.
- Salvation is obtained by faith alone
Salvation is not the result of effort or merit.
- Jesus is the only mediator between men and God (rejection of papal authority)
- God is the only one to worship.
Luther found among some German princes support and protection to divulge his ideas. They also harbored grudges against the pope and the high clergy. Luther undertook to translate the Bible into German and the Reformation spread among the German principalities.
In England, Henry VIII proclaims himself "Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy" and breaks all diplomatic relations with Rome. In this situation of weakness of the Catholic Church, the Reform is spreading in Europe
The invention of printing by Gutenberg in 1450 allowed the transmission of new ideas and knowledge not only among scholars, but also among traders and artisans. Printing is the vector that will allow the exchange of new ideas.
Answer:
:Sir Francis Drake is best known for circumnavigating Earth (1577–80), preying on Spanish ships along the way. Later he was credited for his defense of England by raiding Spain's harbour at Cádiz in 1587 and (according to many sources) by disrupting the Spanish Armada in the English Channel with fire ships in 1588.
