As Turkey had sided with the Central Powers (Triple Alliance) and had lost so they had to pay the consequences. Ottoman Empire broke up and was given to the victorious powers as Mandates. France controlled Syria and Lebanon and UK controlled Transjordan Palestine Iraq and Egypt.
Main groups = labor activists, female reform organizations who wanted to protect women and children from exploitation, and forward looking businessmen who wanted workers to have a voice in economic decision making
Main ideas = bringing significant change in American social and political life.
Flanders was known for its cloth manufacturing.