Answer:
D. 4E-BP1 binding to elF4E prevents loading of the mRNA onto the ribosome.
Explanation
In eukaryotic organisms, the eIF4E translation initiation factor functions by directing the ribosomes to the 5'-terminal cap structure of the messenger RNA (mRNA) in order to start the translation. Moreover, phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of specific amino acids on proteins that play diverse cellular functions by altering protein stability, location, and/or enzymatic activity. It has been shown that elF4E phosphorylation is increased in response to cellular stimuli that induce translation in the ribosomes (e.g., growth factors, hormones, etc). The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is a repressor of mRNA translation which is phosphorylated and inactivated by growth factors and hormones, thereby inhibiting 4E-BP1 binding to elF4E and consequently activating translation.
Answer: Monopolistic competition
Explanation:
Habituations is the process of getting used to a particular sense, due to over-exposure to the same. In the case of animals, this helps in saving their energy. They habituate a particular condition and believe that there is no danger here and stop reacting or running. It also helps them in living in a particular environment.
Answer:
Anaphase nondisjunction
Explanation:
Disjunction during mitosis will cause alleles to separate incorrectly.
Arm and hand movements start in the brain, in an area called the motor cortex, which sends a signal to the spinal cord that's translated into a motion. The researchers found that while the fetus is growing in the womb, up until about 15 weeks, the motor cortex and the spinal cord are not yet connected, but right- or left-handedness has already been determined.