Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Yes, the all living tissues contains the catalase, Catalase protects cellular organelles and tissues from damage by peroxide.
<h3>
Do all living tissues contain catalase?</h3>
Catalase is a common antioxidant enzyme which is present in all living tissues of an organism and it is responsible for the degradation or reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen using either iron or manganese as a cofactor.
Liver, potatoes and other living tissues contain the enzyme catalase. This enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide which is a harmful by-product of the process of cellular respiration. If it builds up in concentration in the cells, the cells are adversely affected which leads to serious complications in the organisms.
So we can conclude that all living tissues contains the catalase, Catalase protects cellular organelles and tissues from damage by peroxide.
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Answer: phosphates absorbed by plant roots
Explanation:
The inorganic phosphate ions are available in the rocks which are distributed into the soil by the withering process. The aquatic plants absorb the phosphate ions through their roots. The plants are consumed by the animals. The inorganic phosphate is converted by the plants and animals into organic form incorporated in the DNA.
Answer:
The two membranes pull apart a little and create a small pocket or sack of air. As the developing bird grows, it breathes in oxygen from the air sack and exhales carbon dioxide. Several thousand microscopic pores all over the surface of the egg allow the CO2 to escape and fresh air to get in.
Explanation:
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