The mandate system had the effect of creating new borders and new countries that exist to this day in the Middle East. It also set up some future issues for Middle East conflict.
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When World War I erupted, the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany as part of the "Central Powers." In the end, the Central Powers lost and the Turkish empire of the Ottomans ceased to exist as an empire. Turkey remained as a country, but it lost control over other territories that it had held before.
The League of Nations created a system for governing former German and Ottoman territories, called "the mandate system." The mandate system authorized a member nation of the League of Nations to govern a former German or Turkish colonial area after the conclusion of World War I. There were mandate territories for former German territories in Africa and Asia, as well for former Ottoman territories in the Middle East.
The former Turkish provinces of Syria, Iraq and Palestine in the Middle East were divided into a French mandate territory and British mandate territory. The British mandate rule over Palestine, in particular, has much to do with the history of the development of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The events that led to the division of British India into India and Pakistan was a method the British had to secure how independence would take place. The British government had a system of political control of “divide and rule” and because of that, this strategy was perfect.
Muslims were 25% of British India’s population, therefore a religious minority. They were afraid of losing protection as the independence of India got closer.
With the approach of WWII, things got even worse, since the British took India into the war without consultation of the population or the legislative, this caused even more pressure for independence and the creation of a separate state.
The separation between India and Pakistan caused riots, mass casualties, a wave of migration - Muslims headed towards Pakistan and Hindus and Sikhs headed into India -, and a death toll of 2 million people.
Government creates social stratification to make certain jobs and careers for citizens.
During the 15th and 16th centuries Spain was the most powerful country because of the discovery of America and gold and silver, the union of Castile and Aragon under Ferdinand and Isabella, religious unification, the conquering of Granada , and an age of new learning. The was called Spain's "Golden Age". One of the main reasons for Spain’s fall is because the Spanish empire was too large to control.
