The greenhouse effect is caused by the trapping of more solar radiation on the surface of the earth than the normal level by certain gases. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Trapping solar radiation on the earth leads to increase in the earth's surface temperature. Polar ice begins to melt and more water is added to the ocean which can lead to rising sea levels and flooding of coastal cities. Ice caps will significantly diminish. As we know penguins are known to inhabit cold climates around the southern pole, if the polar ice in this region melts, their habitat becomes threatened.
