your answer is
A) the sunlight from the sun is concentrated in the smallest area of earth
Reason a is the correct one, as the european union has nothing to do with protection from invasions and Germany reunified many years ago.
A thermocline is a transition layer between warmer water at the surface of a body of water and the cooler deep water that lies below. It is caused by the effect of the sun on the water, in that it keeps the upper parts of the body of water warm whilst being unable to reach the lower, deeper parts.
It's called Coastal flood
Loess and sand dunes I believe <span />