Answer:
Explanation:Allied victors took a punitive approach to Germany at the end of World War I. Intense negotiation resulted in the Treaty of Versailles' “war guilt clause,” which identified Germany as the sole responsible party for the war and forced it to pay reparations.
The Italian wars that began in 1494 helped spread Renaissance ideas to France.
Answer: D) or the fourth option.
Social class divisions and more complex religious beliefs
Answer:
The construction of the Suez and Panama canals had substantial impacts on global trade, mainly over two factors.
Explanation: The first and most obvious concerns the reduction of travel distances between economic regions. The second relates to the introduction of the steamship during the same time period which was able to use more direct routes at a faster and consistent speed, compounding the gains from shorter travel distances.