India is a democratic country while China almost practices communism. India has strengthened its laws for protecting women and children and people with disabilities. It has also imposed restrictions on things like marginalization of different minority groups based on gender, religion or tribes.
While China being a communism practitioner maintains control over all judicial institutions. It has given a little relaxation on some basic rights to its citizens but still places arbitrary curbs on expression.
US Congress passed the First Civil Rights in April 1866 that granted citizenship to all African Americans and annuled the infamous Supreme Court´s Dred Scott decision of 1857. So, the Black Codes laws couldn´t impede freed black people from becoming American citizens.
