External criticism is very important when it comes to analyzing data, because as a researcher it is possible to get too "close" to the data, in that one can stop being objective and start looking for ways to match the data to the desired results.
Concerning contemporary cases about the establishment clause, the defining point in determining constitutionality in Van Orden v. Perry and McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union of Kentucky seems to be that of
secular versus religious purposes.
For nearly the first 100 years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause to
permit a system of segregated social facilities.
Both the republic and state granted lands for military service in the form of bounty and donation grants.
"By an act of 1879 certificates for an additional 640 acres were granted under stringent restrictions to indigent veterans of the Texas Revolution. Bounty and donation grants for military service amounted to a total of 3,149,234 acres."
Basically, as a reward or an incentive for their service in multiple battles.